Hepatitis a is inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis a virus. The most common types of viral hepatitis are a, b, and c. Viral hepatitis testing in sphls thirtysix 88% of the respondents provide i. With the development of vac cines for hepatitis a and b viruses and the introduc tion of universal precautions and blood supply safety. It rarely develops into a serious or chronic condition and can be prevented with. Viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis are the most common causes of hepatitis table 1. Its commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis.
Rarely, acute viral hepatitis causes fulminant hepatic failure. Viral hepatitis places a heavy burden on the health care system because of the costs of treatment of liver failure and chronic liver disease. Heavy alcohol use, toxins, some medications, and certain medical conditions can cause hepatitis. Several different viruses cause hepatitis, including hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e.
Non viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause scarring on the liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure and death. Symptoms of acute viral hepatitis include fatigue, flulike symptoms, dark urine, lightcolored stools, fever, and jaundice. Etiologic classification viral hepatitis hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c hepatitis d hepatitis e hepatitis g 5. Nonviral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause scarring on the liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure and death. Acute hepatic injury is confirmed by a raised serum alanine transaminase activity. May 09, 2017 hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. Heavy drinking and viruses like hepatitis c or hepatitis b are common causes of cirrhosis.
For some people, hepatitis b infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. Three viruses that may have an adverse effect on the equine liver have been discovered and identified in the last decade, and one of them is the same virus that causes hepatitis c in the human population. The hepatitis a virus is the most common cause of acute hepatitis, followed by. Patients may experience a flulike illness, and general symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and, less commonly, rash and joint pain.
Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences. Hav and hev are important causes of acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure alf. Researchers have discovered several different viruses that cause hepatitis, including hepatitis a, b, c. Other causes include certain prescribed and overthecounter medicines, environmental poisons, and autoimmune hepatitis, a condition in which a persons own immune system attacks the liver. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. There are five major human hepatitis viruses characterized to date which are referred to as hepatitis a, b, c, delta, and e, respectively table 12. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation of the liver by any one of a heterogeneous group of hepatotropic viruses. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c. Learn who is at risk for hepatitis c and what you need to know with this video. In the united states, there are 3 common types of viral hepatitis. There is the opportunity to prevent or treat the most common types. Alcohol can cause a chronic hepatitis, especially if associated with inadequate nutrition. Hepatitis a and hepatitis e typically spread through contact with food or water that has been.
The activity may be 100 times normal, and no other biochemical test has been shown to be a better indicator. Take the cdcs 5minute hepatitis risk assessment to get personalized recommendations about vaccines you may need. The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically selflimiting. There are different types and causes, but the symptoms can be similar. They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments differ. Hepatitis a virus hav and hepatitis e virus hev are important causes of acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure alf.
Viral hepatitis is an infection from a virus that causes inflammation of the liver. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected. Fatty liver disease may develop in people who are ov erweight and those with diabetes. In many countries, viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver transplants. Hepatitis d infects only patients already infected with hepatitis b, and it generally results in a flare of active hepatitis. In the remaining cases, itll stay in the body for many years.
Viral hepatitis major infectious diseases ncbi bookshelf. It is estimated that as many as 400 million individuals have chronic viral hepatitis, 1 and therefore it is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Toxic hepatitis is caused by chemicals, drugs prescription and overthecounter and nutritional supplements. Researchers have discovered several different viruses.
May 07, 2018 hepatitis a is inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis a virus. Acute viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with one of the five hepatitis viruses. There is very little evidence that this virus causes hepatitis, as it does not appear to replicate primarily in the liver. Viral hepatitis types b and c can cause chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis a rarely causes longterm liver damage or death. Hepatitis b virus hbv is one of the most important vaccine preventable diseases worldwide and effective vaccination to hbv has the potential to result in a significant reduction in hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to paucity of data, the exact burden of disease for the country is not established. Having chronic hepatitis b increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis a condition that permanently scars of the liver. Hepatitis has a broad spectrum of presentations that range from a complete lack of symptoms to severe liver failure.
It usually results from exposure to a virus, but there are also non viral forms of the disease, including hepatitis brought on by the use of certain drugs, alcohol abuse, and autoimmune disease. The gb virus c is another potential viral cause of hepatitis that is probably spread by blood and sexual contact. Hepatitis is a disease caused by inflammation of the liver. Its the least risky type because it almost always gets better on its own. Oct 18, 2017 hepatitis a is a viral infection of the liver that is spread persontoperson and via contaminated food and water. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it. Viral hepatitis is caused mainly by infection with one of the five hepatitis viruses, which use the liver as their primary site of replication. In other diseases, bile collects in the liver and causes damage that can lead to cirrhosis. Viral diseases viral hepatitis introduction hepatitis literally means inflammation of the liver. Aphl received responses from 41 80% of the sphls invited to participate in the survey. In most people, the inflammation begins suddenly and lasts only a few weeks. Viral hepatitis is a major global health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
It usually results from exposure to a virus, but there are also nonviral forms of the disease, including hepatitis brought on by the use of certain drugs, alcohol abuse, and autoimmune disease. Ingestion of trace fecal matter from unwashed hands or eating food prepared in unsanitary conditions. Around 1 in 4 people will fight off the infection and be free of the virus. Although the clinical entities caused by each of these viruses are similar, all five viruses exhibit distinct viral structures, replicative. Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Affected people may have a poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, pain in the upper right part of the abdomen, and. Hepatitis virus description causes route of transmission treatment prevention hav contagious, acute inflammation of the liver. Such endstage treatments are expensive, easily reaching up to hundreds of thousands of dollars per person. Viral hepatitis is caused by five distinct viruses hepatitis a, b, c, d, and e, which have different routes of transmission and varying courses of disease table 16. Hepatitis c often causes no noticeable symptoms, or only flulike symptoms, so many people are unaware theyre infected.
It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Viral hepatitis is increasingly being recognized as a public health problem in india. It can cause your liver to swell up most people with hepatitis e get better within a few months. Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected.
Types of viral hepatitis national institute on drug. Hepatitis a is a viral infection of the liver that is spread persontoperson and via contaminated food and water. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. This highly contagious form of hepatitis can be spread through contaminated food or water. Viral hepatitis is an infection that predominantly affects the liver but may also have systemic clinical manifestations. The signs and symptoms of acute viral hepatitis result from damage to the liver and are similar regardless of the hepatitis virus responsible. Jun 12, 2017 hepatitis, a general term referring to inflammation of the liver, may result from various causes, both infectious ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms and noninfectious eg, alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases.
Hepatitis b is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. You usually get it when you eat or drink something thats got the virus in it. Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. This is known as chronic hepatitis c and can cause cirrhosis and liver failure. Jaundice fever fatigue loss of appetite nausea vomiting abdominal pain joint pain dark urine claycolored stool diarrhea hav only. Hepatitis a is an acute viral disease of the liver that is transmitted through the fecaloral route. Until recently, hepatitis c treatment required weekly injections and oral medications that many hcv infected people couldnt take because of other health problems or.
This highly contagious form of hepatitis can be spread through contaminated food or. This can be caused by a number of things, including diet, toxins, and bacterial infections. Thus, hepatitis e virus is a common cause of acute sporadic viral hepatitis in ethiopian patients, and its occurrence during pregnancy is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Symptoms of all types of viral hepatitis are similar and can include one or more of the following. The hepatitis c virus hcv spreads through contaminated blood. This section focuses on viral hepatitis, infection caused by a group of viruses that primarily affect the liver.
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